Sample+Lesson

Vemos Ayn - Anyo 1 Lesson One - Greetings

// Anso **/** // Dialogue // Anya! Wi namo malio1. Ti namo ko2? //
 * // Malio: //

// Cono: // // Anya malio, wi namo cono. To ku? //

// Malio: // // Kalu, milo. Ce ye to3? //

// Cono: // // Wo ye kalu4, milo. To ve ki oyo? //

// Malio: // // Wo ve tolonto ine kanadao. Ye to ve ki oyo? //

// Cono: // // Wo leisa ine nuyoko, mice wo laywenu ve kalifonyo. //

// Malio: // // To ka? //

// Cono: // // Wo kon-omo5. Wo kona lago. // || Maria: Hello! My name is Maria. What is your name?

John: Hello Maria, my name is John. How are you?

Maria: Good, thanks. And you?

John: I am also good, thanks. Where are you from?

Maria: I am from Toronto in Canada. And where are you from?

John: I live in New York, but I am originally from California.

Maria: What do you do?

John: I am a student. I study law. ||

// Viomb-isalos mwe ang-cengo //** / ** Footnotes with Grammar

1. The verb “to be” does not exist in Angos. But because of the strict Subject-Verb-Object word order, the meaning of “to be” can be understood.

// Wo kali // – I [am] good // Wi namo cono // – My name [is] John

2. Question words in Angos are placed where their answers would be in the sentence.

//Ti namo __ko__?// – What is your name? // -Wi namo __cono__. // – My name is John

3. The question particle “//ce//” always goes at the beginning of the clause, and will always require a affirmative or negative answer.

//__ Ce __//// to kali? // – Are you good?

4. The particle “//ye//” may mean either “and” or “also”, depending on its position in the sentence.

// Wo kali __ye__ to kali // – I am good __and__ you are good // Wo __ye__ kali // – I am __also__ good

5. Compound words can be easily recognized by the hyphen (-) that occurs between the roots. In a compound word, the first root modifies the second root. //kon-omo// = student, a person who studies Literally: //kon// (study) + //omo// (person)

In Angos, words are classified in to three main groups: numbers, particles, and roots.
 * ** Numbers ** are the simple caridnal set (1,2,3...) and end in **//n//**.
 * ** Particles ** end in **//e//** and include conjunctions, prepositions, and interjections.
 * Roots have no set ending. Nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs are all derived from roots using vowel classifiers:
 * Nouns ** end in **//o//**
 * Verbs ** end in **//a//**
 * Adjectives ** end in **//i//**
 * Adverbs ** end in **//u//**

A grammatical feature unique to Angos is the distinction between natural and man-made aspects. A man-made quality is denoted by adding an **//s//** to the end of a noun, verb, adjective, or adverb.

// ango // – natural language (Spanish, English) // angos // – man-made language (Angos, Sindarin)

// Otali Kalimo **/** // New Words

To practice endings, write down each word’s part of speech.

// anya // : hello, goodbye // ce // : question marker // ine // : in, inside // ka // : to do what action? // kalu // : good, well // ki // : which // kona // : study // kon-omo // : student // ku // : how // lago // : law, rule // laywenu // : originally // leisa // : to live (in a place) // mice // : but, although // namo // : name // omo // : person // oyo // : place // ti // : your // to // : you // ve // : from, of // wi // : my // wo // : I // ye // : and, also

// Omo // and //oyo//

These words are used very often in compounds to denote a person (//omo//) who does something, or a place (//oyo//) where you can find something.

// kon-omo // (study + person) student // kon-oyos // (study + place) school // lag-omo // (law + person) lawyer // lag-oyo // s (law+place) courthouse

// Cinpo-ceos // / Exercises


 * // Aksala ideos kye cimuno tongwe cimun-kalimo lae te bokaa. //**
 * Rewrite the statement as a question using the given question word. **

// Bokaos // / Example: Malio ve tolonto. (ki) Malio ve ki oyo?

1. Cono kona lago. (ko)

2. Ti namo malio. (ce)

3. To kona. (ka)

4. Cono ye malio kalu (ku)

5. To ye kon-omo (ce)

6. Wo ine nuyoko (ki)